This analysis of private sector stakeholders was carried out by the Population Council with support from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) to assess their current role in FP service provision, the challenges they face in providing FP services, and their viewpoints about PPP to improve access to FP services, and to identify the broad avenues and modalities for cooperation and implementation of PPPs in FP. The study included secondary data analysis and a qualitative study of private sector and user perspectives, complemented by literature reviews concerning global experiences of PPPs for FP and models for increasing private participation in FP service provision in Pakistan.